Adolescence and your dog

Adolescence can be the most challenging stage in a dog’s life, falling between sexual maturity and social maturity.

Navigating Canine Adolescence

Adolescence can be the most challenging stage in a dog’s life, falling between sexual maturity and social maturity, typically between 4 to 24 months depending on the breed and individual dog. Despite looking more grown-up, they're not quite the adult dog they will become. This period is marked by rapid physical growth, hormonal changes, and a surge in risky behaviours as they seek excitement and pleasure.

The Adolescent Body

As dogs grow, they become physically stronger and more awkward, often experiencing clumsiness due to imbalances in their developing bodies. They might show discomfort from the rapid growth, becoming more sensitive to their harness or touch in certain areas. Providing them with appropriate outlets like chew toys of varying textures is crucial, as this is a time when they develop jaw muscles and might otherwise chew on unwanted items.

Risky Business

With hormones and brain chemistry changes, adolescent dogs can engage in more risky behaviours. They're suddenly more interested in other dogs, scents, and exploring, which can get them into trouble. Behaviour that was tolerated in puppyhood may no longer be acceptable. However, with the right foundations, continued training, and proper exposure to the world around them, this stage is temporary, and you can look forward to a well-rounded adult dog.

Learning: Associations and Consequences

Dogs learn in two primary ways: by association and through consequences. Learning by association happens constantly—how your dog feels in different situations will influence their perception of the world. Positive feelings lead to positive associations, while fear or startle responses can create negative links. Learning through consequences is about what happens as a result of their actions. Rewarding behaviours you like will encourage your dog to repeat them. Avoid using punishment as it can damage your bond and lead to unintended negative associations.

Stress and Trigger Stacking

Stress is cumulative, and without proper relaxation, your dog’s stress levels can build up, leading to overreactions. This is known as trigger stacking. Like a bad day for humans, too many stressors in quick succession can cause your dog to react strongly to something minor. It's vital to plan rest into your dog's routine and be prepared to alter plans to avoid overwhelm.

Socialisation and Play

Adolescent dogs need ongoing socialisation and careful exposure to new environments to grow into well-rounded adults. When it comes to play, matching your dog with appropriate playmates is key. Play should look loose and wiggly, with turn-taking in chasing or wrestling. Be mindful of your dog’s play style, and intervene if things become too intense. Sessions should be short, including breaks to prevent overstimulation.

Handling and Sensitivity

Your adolescent dog might become more touch-sensitive in certain areas due to discomfort from growth. Look out for signs like turning away, licking lips, or avoiding their harness. Never punish them for communicating discomfort. Instead, respect their signals and make adjustments as needed.

Scent and Exploration

Dogs have an extraordinary sense of smell, and it's important to provide them with opportunities to use this ability. Letting your dog explore scents on walks is enriching and helps build confidence. It’s like a captivating story unfolding before them—don’t rush this experience.

Building New Behaviours

When it comes to training, there are four main ways to build new behaviour: luring, targeting, shaping, and capturing. Each method has its pros and cons, and it’s a good idea to practice all four to see what works best for you and your dog. Consider the situation and what method will be most effective.

Work with the Dog You Have Now

During adolescence, it’s crucial to remember to work with the dog you have at that moment, not the dog you had yesterday or the one you will have tomorrow. Dogs change daily, especially during this stage, and being present and responsive to their current needs will help them develop into the best version of themselves.

This stage is temporary, and with patience, training, and understanding, you’ll help your dog grow into a confident and resilient adult.